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What is a REScoop
REScoops are energy cooperatives - officially recognised in the EU’s Clean Energy Package as ‘citizen’ and ‘renewable’ energy communities - a business model where citizens jointly own and participate in renewable energy or energy efficiency projects. REScoops do not necessarily have the legal statute of a cooperative, but they distinguish themselves by the way they do business.
REScoop 的商業模式：公民共同擁有並以民主方式控制一家致力於可再生能源或能源效率專案的企業。REScoop 不一定具有合作社的法律地位，但它們以其獨特的經營方式來區分自己。
They typically respect 7 principles outlined by the International Cooperative Alliance, which is why we strongly believe that REScoops are leading the energy transition to energy democracy. The principles are:
- Voluntary and Open Membership
- Democratic Member Control
- Economic Participation through Direct Ownership
- Autonomy and Independence
- Education, Training and Information
- Cooperation among Cooperatives
- Concern for Community
實際擁有
All citizens are eligible to join a REScoop. After purchasing a cooperative share and becoming a member or co-owner of local renewable energy or energy efficiency projects, members share in the profits and are usually given the opportunity to buy the electricity at a fair price. In addition, members can actively participate in the cooperative: They can decide where the REScoop should invest, and are consulted when setting the energy price.
所有公民都有資格加入 REScoop。
在購買合作社股份並成為當地可再生能源或能源效率專案的成員或共同所有者後，成員可以分享利潤，並通常有機會以公平價格購買電力。
成員可以積極參與合作社：他們可以決定 REScoop 應該投資的方向，並在設定能源價格時被諮詢意見。
能源自主權
Benefits
The REScoop model has many advantages. The most important ones are listed below.
- REScoops keep money in the local economy. REScoops use local energy sources and include local citizens. This way, they keep money within the local community that would otherwise flow out to external investors. In addition, REScoops stimulate local employment and boost the local economy.
- REScoops foster social acceptance for renewable energy. Local opposition to renewable energy projects (typically wind turbines) decreases when citizens are given the opportunity to invest in and co-own the production installations. This is especially true when local citizens are involved from the very start of the project, share in the profits, and have access to clean energy at a fair price.
- REScoops keep the individual investment affordable. Not everyone has a roof suitable for solar panels, nor does everyone have the financial capacity to make such an investment. REScoop production installations are typically owned by a large group of citizens, keeping the individual investment affordable.
- REScoops benefit the local community. REScoops have a clear concern for the community. They usually share part of the profits with their members and use the rest to develop new projects or benefit the local community as a whole. Some REScoops for example have financed the construction of a local sustainable concert hall, while others built a charging point for electric bicycles. This way, all citizens benefit from the projects and the profits that the REScoops generate.
- REScoops take action on energy. The revenues that result from renewable energy projects are often used to finance energy efficiency measures in public buildings. Some REScoops have paid for insulation material for public buildings, while others pay the wage of a local energy expert who helps citizens and the local municipality improve their overall energy efficiency.
優點
REScoop模式具有許多優勢。以下列出最重要的幾點。
- REScoop讓資金留在當地經濟中。REScoop使用當地能源資源並包括當地公民。這樣，他們將原本會流向外部投資者的資金留在當地社區。此外，REScoop還刺激當地就業並促進當地經濟。
- REScoop促進對可再生能源的社會接受度。當公民有機會投資並共同擁有生產設施時，對可再生能源項目（通常是風力渦輪機）的當地反對聲音會減少。當當地公民從項目一開始就參與其中，分享利潤，並能以公平價格獲得清潔能源時，這一點尤其明顯。
- REScoop讓個人投資變得可負擔。並非每個人都有適合安裝太陽能板的屋頂，也並非每個人都有財力進行這樣的投資。REScoop的生產設施通常由大群公民共同擁有，使個人投資變得可負擔。
- REScoop使當地社區受益。REScoop明確關注社區。他們通常與成員分享部分利潤，並將剩餘部分用於開發新項目或造福整個當地社區。例如，一些REScoop資助了當地可持續音樂廳的建設，而其他則建造了電動自行車的充電站。這樣，所有公民都能從REScoop產生的項目和利潤中受益。
- REScoop在能源方面採取行動。可再生能源項目產生的收入經常用於資助公共建築的能源效率措施。一些REScoop為公共建築支付了隔熱材料的費用，而其他則支付當地能源專家的工資，幫助公民和當地市政當局提高整體能源效率。
Activities
REScoops look into all aspects of the energy transition including electricity (production, supply, grid management, etc.), energy savings, heating & cooling and transportation. All across Europe, citizens are taking action, and many have recognised the importance of teaming up with their municipalities.
Collaboration with municipalities
With the publication of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) back in 2015, the United Nations explicitly recognised the role of local authorities in the transition towards a more sustainable future. To empower cities and communities in taking local climate and energy action, the European Commission further launched the Covenant of Mayors, a growing network of over 7,000 local and regional authorities from across 57 countries worldwide. The Covenant of Mayors offers technical and methodological support to write and implement sustainable energy and climate actions plans.
Unfortunately, lack of technical expertise, insufficient budget and public support often stands in the way of a successful implementation of the cities' sustainable energy and climate action plans. And that is exactly where energy cooperatives can come into play.
REScoops and municipalities are natural allies who both serve the same stakeholder: Citizens. REScoop.eu has been working with municipalities, implementing the so-called LICHT approach which builds trust between local authorities and their citizens, and builds technical expertise of the local community in order to implement community-owned energy transition projects.
不幸的是，缺乏技術專業知識、預算不足以及公眾支持不足常常阻礙了城市可持續能源和氣候行動計劃的成功實施。而這正是能源合作社可以發揮作用的地方。
REScoop和市政府是天然的盟友，他們都為同一個利益相關者服務：公民。REScoop.eu一直與市政府合作，實施所謂的LICHT方法，該方法在地方當局與其公民之間建立信任，並培養當地社區的技術專業知識，以實施社區擁有的能源轉型項目。
Energy efficiency
At REScoop.eu, we believe in a holistic vision of the energy system. We support a local, integrated and responsible energy system where we can collectively manage our energy production and consumption in a way that is accessible and understandable for citizens. This is why energy efficiency is so crucial: The cleanest, cheapest and most sustainable energy is the energy that is not used or needed in the first place.
To us, energy efficiency includes energy savings, energy sobriety and energy solidarity. The goal is to achieve an equilibrium between consumption and renewable production. Energy efficiency also means encouraging responsible investments by members so that they can save money on their energy bills (kilowatt-hours), particularly those who are most vulnerable. We believe that cooperative engagement is a way to empower more energy efficient behavior, regardless of wealth.
Citizen-led renovation
An important part of creating energy efficient communities is the renovation of homes and buildings. Increasingly citizen energy cooperatives are starting to offer renovation services to their members and communities. By doing this, they empower citizens and trigger an expanding citizen-led renovation movement.
By facilitating knowledge exchange and best practices among its members, REScoop.eu aims to build collaborations and support services for sustainable home renovation and community renovation strategies. To this end, a dedicated working group has been set-up, bringing cooperatives together in their quest for comfortable, energy efficient homes and healthier communities.
公民主導的翻新
創建節能社區的一個重要部分是住宅和建築物的翻新。越來越多的公民能源合作社開始為其成員和社區提供翻新服務。通過這樣做，他們賦予公民權力，並引發了一個不斷擴大的公民主導翻新運動。
通過促進其成員之間的知識交流和最佳實踐，REScoop.eu 旨在建立可持續家居翻新和社區翻新策略的合作和支持服務。為此，一個專門的工作組已經成立，將合作社聚集在一起，共同追求舒適、節能的家居和更健康的社區。
E-Mobility
In the future, electric cars will play a large role in our local electricity grids, but it is a significant challenge to roll out this technology efficiently in our local communities. We believe that by setting up European collaboration around this topic, we can find an answer to this challenge that also provides opportunities to all REScoops.
The Mobility Working Group of REScoop.eu has started working intensively together on electric car sharing. We strongly believe that together, we can accelerate the development of e-mobility in the cooperative movement. A new European co-operative Society called "The Mobility Factory SCE" is now being founded, giving REScoops the opportunity to become co-owner of a shared IT platform for car-sharing.
Flexibility
The fast and growing deployment of renewable energy is great news for our efforts to reduce our CO2 emissions. However, the intermittent nature of renewables and the lack of storage facilities can cause problems for the energy grid. This is why more and more cooperatives implement innovative demand response tools and novel business models. For instance, a community-based virtual power plant (cVPP) helps local energy initiatives aggregate their distributed renewables generation, and organise their consumption around when energy is most available. This helps manage the energy grid in a sustainable manner.
cVPPs also deliver benefits for citizens: They empowers citizens to become smart prosumers and participate in the energy management. cVPPs can thereby contribute to the democratisation of the energy market, and radically accelerate a fair and sustainable energy transition.
靈活性
可再生能源的快速增長對我們減少二氧化碳排放的努力來說是個好消息。然而，可再生能源的間歇性和儲能設施的缺乏可能會給能源網絡帶來問題。這就是為什麼越來越多的合作社實施創新的需求響應工具和新型商業模式。例如，基於社區的虛擬電廠（cVPP）幫助本地能源倡議整合其分散的可再生能源發電，並根據能源最充足的時間來組織消費。這有助於以可持續的方式管理能源網絡。
cVPP還為公民帶來好處：它使公民能夠成為智能產消者並參與能源管理。因此，cVPP可以促進能源市場的民主化，並大幅加速公平和可持續的能源轉型。
